ARP

ARP

Traditional ARP

In ARP , receivers MAC address is fetched.

The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is the process by which a known L3 address is mapped to an unknown L2 address. The purpose for creating such a mapping is so a packet’s L2 header can be properly populated to deliver a packet to the next NIC in the path between two end points.

Gratuitous ARP is an unsolicited ARP response that was not prompted by an ARP request. 
gARP is sent as a broadcast as a way for a node to announce or update its IP to MAC mapping to the entire network.
Gratuitous ARP is used for some reasons: Update ARP tables after a MAC address for an IP changes (failover, new NIC, etc.) Update MAC address tables on L2 devices (switches) that a MAC address is now on a different port.


Reverse ARP
In rARP, IP Address is fetched through server.

Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) is a networking protocol that allows a device to find its IP address when it only knows its MAC address. It was originally developed to assign IP addresses to devices that couldn't store them, such as diskless workstations
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